Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle（QCC） activities in neonates with peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC）. Methods Thirty-nine neonates who underwent PICC placement before QCC activities in a hospital in Nanyang from April 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the control group

and 39 neonates who underwent PICC placement after QCC activities from April 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the observation group. The neonates in the control group were given conventional care

while the neonates in the observation group were given QCC activities on the basis of the control group

and both groups were given continuous care until discharge. The incidence of phlebitis in the two groups and the awareness level of relevant knowledge of the nurses before and after QCC activities were compared. Results The incidence of phlebitis in the observation group was 20.51%（8/39） compared with 5.13%（2/39） in the control group

and the difference was statistically significant（χ~2=4.129

P=0.042）. The level of nurses’ knowledge was better after QCC activities

and the difference was statistically significant（Z=2.753

P=0.006）. Conclusion QCC activities can reduce the occurrence of phlebitis in PICC-inserted neonates and improve nurses’ knowledge.