Objective To explore the nursing measures to prevent the failure of arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods A total of 60 maintenance hemodialysis patients admitted to a hospital in Henan province from January 2017 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects.The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method

with 30 cases in each group.Routine nursing intervention was given to patients in the control group.Targeted nursing intervention was given to patients in the observation group.The scores of the self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）

self-rating depression scale（SDS） as well as health knowledge and quality of life of the two groups of patients were compared before and at 6 months of intervention;the complications of the 2 groups of patients at 6 months of intervention were also compared.Results Before the intervention

there was no significant difference in SAS and SDS scores between the two groups（P>0.05）.At 6 months of intervention

the SAS and SDS scores of the two groups were lower than before the intervention

and the observation group was lower than the control group

with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.Before the intervention

there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients’ health knowledge mastery scores（P>0.05）.At 6 months of intervention

the health knowledge mastery scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention

and the observation group was higher than the control group

with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.Before the intervention

there wasno statistically significant difference in the physical function

cognitive function and social function scores on the quality of life scale between the two groups of patients（P>0.05）.At 6 months of intervention

the physical function

cognitive function and social function scores of the two groups of patients on the quality of life scale were higher than before the intervention

and the observation group was higher than the control group

with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group

and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The incidence of arteriovenous fistula failure in the observation group was lower than that in the control group

and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion The use of targeted nursing measures for maintenance hemodialysis patients can effectively improve the patients’ poor mental state

improve the knowledge of health and the quality of life

reduce the incidence of complications and the incidence of arteriovenous fistula failure

and improve the quality of dialysis.