Objective To investigate the correlation between the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease（ICVD） development and physical fitness. Methods People who underwent health check-ups at a hospital health management center in Chongqing from July 2020 to March 2021 were recruited

and 1 243 volunteers who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study as the study subjects. The 10-year risk of ICVD in the study subjects were calculated according to the national ICVD 10-year risk assessment scale

and the correlation between the risk of ICVD and physical fitness was analysed. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that the ICVD 10-year risk score was negatively correlated with the step index

the length of standing on one foot with eyes closed

the grip strength index

and the sit and reach distance

and positively correlated with the simple reaction time and the maximum grip strength in the physical fitness test. The results of multifactorial analysis showed that for each 1-unit increase in step index

the ICVD 10-year total riskiness score decreased by 2.0%（OR =0.980

95% CI:0.965-0.995）; for each 1-kg increase in maximum grip strength

the ICVD 10-year total riskiness score decreased by 3.4%（OR=0.967

95% CI:0.936-0.998）. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory endurance

flexibility

reflexes

balance

and muscle strength are factors associated with the 10-year risk of ICVD and predict the risk of ICVD

and the higher the level of physical fitness

the lower the risk of ICVD. Therefore

strengthening exercise and improving physical fitness can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.