As a second messenger

calcium ion(Ca

2+

) plays an important role in regulating many physiological processes including stem cell migration. Various extracellular factors trigger an increase in intracellular Ca

2+

levels and activate the downstream Ca

2+

-dependent signaling molecules to regulate cell migration. In recent years

calcium imaging technology has enabled us to understand the cell crawling mechanisms such as how stem cells send out Ca

2+

pulses at the leading edge of the cell

maintain the intracellular Ca

2+

concentration gradient from the back to the front of the cell

and restore Ca

2+

depletion. In addition

in terms of the studies of extracellular factor triggering

studies on extracellular adenosine triphosphate（ATP） reveal that ATP can activate the G protein-coupled receptor P2 receptor on the cell membrane

which can be coupled to the Gα subunit（Gαq） and the downstream signaling pathways to activate the Gαq-PLC-IP3 R signaling pathway so that PIP2 is converted to IP3 and DAG

IP3 receptor is activated

and then Ca

2+

is released from the endoplasmic reticulum to activate the PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. To understand the mechanism of stem cell migration and regulation such as local calcium signal and the interactions between Ca

2+

transport proteins may provide a new direction for the treatment of related diseases.