Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative residues and relapse after hysteromyomectomy.Method The medical records of 769 cases of patients who had hysteromyomectomy in Daye People’s Hospital from January 2006 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed

including the basic information of patients

characteristics of fibroids

the application of preoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist（GnRH-a）

surgical procedure

pathological types of fibroids and postoperative follow-ups.Results The number of fibroids is the risk factor of post-operative residues and relapse after hysteromyomectomy.When the number of fibroids increased one

the postoperative residue rate increased by 1.085times（OR=1.085

95% CI=1.019-1.154

P=0.010）and the relapse rate increased by 1.043times（RR=1.043

95% CI=1.014-1.073

P=0.003）;intramural fibroids（RR=1.665

95% CI=1.029-2.693

P=0.038）were the risk factors of relapse.The pathological types of bizarre leiomyoma（RR= 5.678

95% CI=1.373-23.490

P=0.017）and rich cellular leiomyoma（RR=2.201

95% CI=1.466-3.303

P=0.010）were the risk factors of relapse.Patients’age was not the risk factors of postoperative residue rate（P=0.828）and relapse rate（P=0.193）;the application of preoperative GnRH-a did not increased the postoperative residue rate and relapse rate（P=0.542

0.133）;there were no statistical differences of postoperative residue rate and relapse rate between laparotomy and laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy（P=0.764

0.279）.Conclusion The main risk factors of relapse after hysteromyomectomy are the number and type（intramural fibroids）of fibroids.The pathological types of bizarre leiomyoma and rich cellular leiomyoma have higher relapse rate than ordinary leiomyoma.The application of preoperative GnRH-a and laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy do not increase postoperative residue rate and relapse rate.