Objective To investigate the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） combined with neurofeedback（NFB） in the rehabilitation of children with autism.Methods Eighty-six cases of children with autism admitted to a hospital in Shangqiu from July 2019 to December 2020 were selected as subjects and assigned to an observation group and a control group using random number table

with 43 cases in each group.The children in the control group received r TMS treatment

the children in the observation group received r TMS combined with NFB treatment.The scores of Autism Behavior Checklist（ABC）

Childhood Autism Rating Scale（CARS） score

Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised（RBSR） score

and Developmental Quotient（DQ） of the children in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.The clinical efficacy of the children in the two groups and adverse reactions such as sleep disturbance

anxiety

and loss of appetite during the treatment were compared.Results The total effective rate of treatment for children in the observation group was 86.05%

which was higher than that of the control group（67.44%）

and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.After treatment

the ABC and CARS scores of children in the two groups were lower than those before treatment

and the observation group had lower scores than the control group

with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）.The DQ scores of children in both groups after treatment were higher than before treatment

and the observation group was higher than the control group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）;the RBS-R scores of children in both groups after treatment were lower than before treatment

and the observation group had lower scores than the control group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.In the control group

one event of sleep disturbance and two events of anxiety occurred during the treatment

and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 6.98%;one event of anxiety and one event of loss of appetite occurred in the observation group

and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 4.65%;the difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was not statistically significant（χ~2=0.212

P=0.645）.Conclusion The combined treatment of r TMS+NFB for children with autism was significantly more effective than the r TMS treatment

and the children’s symptoms such as interpersonal interaction disorder and stereotyped behavior were significantly improved

and the DQ scores were also improved

which is worth promoting in clinical practice.