目的基于护理小组指导下的家庭护理干预对支气管哮喘患儿肺功能及生命质量的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2021年1月在福建省某医院就诊的86例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象。采用随机数字表法
将患儿分为观察组与对照组
每组43例。患儿出院后
以健康手册的形式向对照组患儿及其家属介绍居家护理的相关知识
包括哮喘易复发的环境、饮食注意事项等。每2周进行1次随访。观察组患儿在对照组基础上开展基于护理小组指导下的家庭护理干预。在干预前后
比较2组患儿第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV
1
)、最大呼气流速峰值(PEF)、用力呼气75%流速(FEF75%)、用力呼气中段流速(MMEF25%~75%)及儿童生存质量测评问卷(Peds QLTM 4.0)、儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)、治疗依从性评分。记录2组患儿在研究期间的哮喘相关事件发生率
包括急诊发作次数、再入院次数。结果干预后
2组患儿FEV
1
大于护理前
且观察组大于对照组;2组患儿PEF、FEF75%及MMEF25%~75%高于护理前
且观察组高于对照组
差异均有统计学意义(P
<
0.05)。干预后
2组患儿Peds QLTM 4.0、C-ACT和治疗依从性评分均高于干预前
且观察组高于对照组
差异均有统计学意义(P
<
0.05)。2组患儿急性发作次数、再入院次数比较
差异无统计学意义(P
>
0.05)。结论基于护理小组指导下的家庭护理干预能有效提高患儿的治疗依从性和哮喘控制水平
从而有效地改善患儿的肺功能
提高患儿的生存质量
值得临床推广应用。
Objective To explore the effect of home care intervention based on the guidance of the nursing team on pulmonary function and quality of life in children with bronchial asthma Methods Eighty-six cases of children with bronchial asthma who attended a hospital in Fujian Province from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Using the random number table method
the children were divided into observation group and control group
with 43 cases in each group. After the children were discharged from the hospital
knowledge about home care
including the environment where asthma is prone to recurrence and dietary precautions
was introduced to the children in the control group and their families in the form of a health handbook. A follow-up visit was conducted every 2 weeks. The children in the observation group underwent home care intervention based on the guidance of the nursing team on the basis of the control group. Before and after the intervention
the children in the 2 groups were compared in terms of first second exertional expiratory volume(FEV
1
)
peak expiratory flow(PEF)
forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC(FEF 75%)
mid-exertional expiratory flow rate(MMEF 25%-75%)
child survival quality assessment questionnaire(Peds QLTM 4.0)
Childhood Asthma Control Test(C-ACT)
and treatment compliance scores. The incidence of asthma-related events
including the number of emergency espisodes and readmissions
was recorded for the 2 groups of children during the study period. Results After the intervention
FEV
1
of children in the 2 groups was greater than before care
and the observation group was greater than the control group; the levels of PEF
FEF75% and MMEF 25%-75% of children in the 2 groups were higher than before care
and the observation group was higher than the control group
and the differences were statistically significant(P
<
0.05). After the intervention
Peds QLTM 4.0
C-ACT and treatment compliance scores of children in the 2 groups were higher than before the intervention
and the observation group was higher than the control group
and the differences were statistically significant(P
<
0.05). The differences were not statistically significant(P
>
0.05) when comparing the number of emergency espisodes and readmissions of children in the 2 groups. Conclusion Home care intervention based on nursing team guidance can effectively improve children’s treatment compliance and asthma control
thus effectively improving children’s lung function and improving their survival quality and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
家庭护理支气管哮喘患儿发病次数肺功能
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