Emerging evidence suggests that peroxisomes play a role in the regulation of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However

the prognostic value of peroxisome-related genes has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to establish a peroxisome-related gene signature for overall survival (OS) prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). First

univariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify prognostic peroxisome-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas liver cancer cohort

and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was used to construct a 10-gene signature. The risk score based on the signature was positively correlated with poor prognosis (HR = 4.501

95% CI = 3.021–6.705

P

 = 1.39e−13). Second

multivariate Cox regression incorporating additional characteristics revealed that the signature was an independent predictor. Time-dependent ROC curves demonstrated good performance of the signature in predicting the OS of HCC patients. The prognostic performance was validated using International Cancer Genome Consortium HCC cohort data. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the signature-related alterations in biological processes mainly involved peroxisomal functions. Finally

we developed a nomogram model based on the gene signature and TNM stage

which showed a superior prognostic power (C-index = 0.702). Thus

our study revealed a novel peroxisome-related gene signature that may help improve personalized OS prediction in HCC patients.