Objective　To investigate the effects of real-time anatomical demonstration and traditional teaching in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Methods　Students who studied this course from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were divided into two groups: clinical students in 5-year program (n=22) were assigned to the experimental group and students from5+3 stomatology major (n=35) were assigned to control group. Both groups had two class hours

with the same teacher teaching at the same day. Students in the experimental group were taught with theoretical teaching combined with real-time anatomical demonstration

while students in the control group was taught with traditional theoretical teaching with multimedia content. Students in the two groups completed the questionnaire and received quiz; SPSS 19.0 was used to perform the independent-samples T test of between-group data. Results　According to the questionnaire

scores for different items of the teaching method in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. But according to the examination scores

average scores of the theoretical examination in the control group was (85.143±8.268)

which was obviously higher than that of (64.545±11.434) in the experimental group

with statistically significant differences (t=7.885

P=0.000). Conclusion　Teaching effect combined with real-time anatomical demonstration is not obvious to short-term examination

which may be related to the short-term understanding and absorption of knowledge for students in different majors

but it is coherent with the difference of entrance-examination scores of students from the two groups. This teaching model can stimulate students' interest in learning

and help them choose their professions

which may have certain advantages in the future long-term teaching effect.