Objective　To examine the effectiveness of simulation newborn simulator in neona-tal resuscitation training for pediatric residents. Methods　From June 2011 to June 2012， 11 residents working in neonatal ward of the Third Hospital of Peking University were enrolled into the study. Eval-uation on the residents was made before the training. Training of simulated teaching using simulation newborn simulator was conducted and evaluation was made after the training. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. Comparison was made between pre- and post-training test by paired t test. P<0.05 was considered statistical significant. Questionnaire survey was conduct to acquire residents' feedback. Results　A total of 11 participants completed the training and finished the questionnaire. The score of pre-training was 37.82±1.17 versus that of post-training 39.18±0.87（t=4.89， P<0.01）. All residents were satisfied with the simulation-based training. Conclusion　Simulation training can improve pedi-atric residents' knowledge and skills in neonatal resuscitation.