Objective　To explore the relationship between music preferences and mental health in medical students and to propose countermeasures. Methods　Music Preferences Question naire and Chinese college students mental health scale（CCSMHS） were used to test 538 randomly selected medical students and the data was analyzed by descriptive statistics， T test and variance analysis with SPSS 20.0 and the inspection level was ?琢=0.05. Results　①Statistically significant （P<0.05） differences were found on somatization， anxiety， depression， inferiority， paranoid， force， social withdrawal， reliance， impulse and psychotic tendencies in medical students with different preference of music style； ②Statistically significant （P<0.05） differences were found on anxiety and inferiority in medical students with different preference of music type； ③Statistically significant（P<0.05） differ ences were found on anxiety， depression， paranoid， force， social withdrawal and reliance in medical students with different participating ways of music； ④Statistically significant（P<0.05） differences were found on somatization， anxiety， inferiority and paranoid in medical students with different attitude about participating music activities； ⑤Medical students with different preferences of music activities preferences did not have significant difference on factor of mental health（P ＞0.05）. Conclusion　The relationship between medical students' mental health and music preferences is very close. By training and guiding music preferences of medical students in mental health education， we can improve their mental health effectively.