Objective　To understand the status of Xinjiang medical students' autonomous learning of Ideological and Political Theory Course， and put forward corresponding educational coun termeasures. Method　By using stratified cluster sampling method 850 Xinjiang minority and Han medical students in a university were extracted as the subjects and were surveyed by “college learning autonomy self statements Questionnaire” including two dimensions of attitudes and habits of learning ideological and Political Theory Course. Using SPSS 13.0 the χ２ test was used for statistical analysis， the level of test=0.05. Results　On the ideological and political theory course teaching attitude， posi tive attitude of the minority medical students and the Han medical students were 319/67.6% and 259/73.8% respectively（P=0.009 3）， and the overall satisfaction rate reached 579/70.3%. In the habit of learning the ideological and political theory course， 38/8.1% minority medical students selected the library to learn， while 132/37.7% of Han medical students chose Library（P=0.007 9、0.037 0）. In the choice of place of study and the way to find information there was statistically significant difference between minority medical students and Han medical students. Conclusion　According to the differ ences of minority students' and Han students' learning ideological and political theory course， we can carry out differentiated autonomous learning training strategies through the establishment of new edu cation ideas， innovative education carrier and method to improve both the minority medical students' and Han medical students' autonomous learning ability of Ideological and Political Theory Course