The causes of 32 cases of severe anemia in Mocambique had been investigated.All but one of them were negroes and mainly were peasants.The result revealed:(1)18 cases were of iron defi- cient anemia(IDA)including 3 cases accompanied with megaloblastic.The inducing factors were hookworm(6 cases)

chronic blood loss(7 cases)due to post-abortive bleeding and varices(due to S.Manson)and 2 cases of malnutrition;(2)4 cases of nutritional megablastic anemia;(3)4 cases of hemolytic anemia including sickle cell anemia

acquired hemolytic anemia

pregnant and unknown causes;(4)6 cases presented various causes of infection

metabolic disturbances and other secondary anemias.Hemopoietic disturbance such as leukemia

aplastic anemia were scarcely seen in this coun- try during investigation.Some hematologic examinations of these anemias were studied. The daily increase of hemoglobin after treatment in IDA and megaloblastic was 0.227±0.073 and 0.227±0.071g% respectively.It seems that a therapy including nutritional and anti-infectious treatment other than iron or folic acid supplement would be rational.