Objective：To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of human parainfluenza（HPIV） in hospital－ized children of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2016. Methods：Cases with respiratory immunofluorescence to detect HPIV antigen among hospitalized children were selected. With the inclusion of HPIV as the only pathogen and exclusion of the non-standard cases，a total of 131 cases were enrolled and their clinical features were analyzed. Results：Among 19 632 cases of sputum specimens，there were 1 573 cases of HPIV antigen positive，of which 1 369 cases of HPIV3 （6.97%），184 cases of HPIV1（0.94%），and 20 cases（0.10%） of HPIV2；there were 1 002 male cases（8.21%），and 571 female cases（7.69%）（ χ2=1.660，P=0.203）. The infection rates of spring，summer，autumn and winter were 11.32%，13.21%，5.27% and 3.35%，respectively，and the difference of pairwise comparison was not statistically significant（ χ2=448.253，P=0.000）. There were 1 065 cases（8.80%） in infant group and 406 cases（9.97%） in children group（ χ2=5.054，P=0.025）. Diseases with HPIV as the only pathogen were listed：92 cases of alveobronchiolitis，17 cases of bronchitis，16 cases of pertussis syndrome and 11 cases of bronchiolitis. Conclusion：①HPIV is a common virus in lower respiratory tract infection of hospitalized children in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2016，commonly with HPIV3 infection. ②Comparative differences between men and women was not statistically significant，high in spring and summer，more frequently in infants and young children. ③The first four respiratory dis－eases in children with HPIV as the only pathogen are in turn alveobronchiolitis，bronchitis，pertussis syndrome and bronchi－olitis. Most of the children are obviously improved after symp－tomatic treatment.