Objective：To investigate the clinical feature，diagnosis，treatment and prognosis of primary thyroid lymphoma（PTL）. Methods：The general information of 17 patients with PTL from January 2013 to September 2019 in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed. Results：Among those patients，9 patients had hypothyroidism，16 patients complicated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis（HT），7 patients were finally diagnosed via core-needle biopsy（CNB） of thyroid，while the other 10 patients were diagnosed via partial thyroidectomy. The pathological types of these patients included diffuse large B cell lymphoma（DLBCL）（n=11），mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma（MALT）（n=2），DLBCL and MALT transformation（n=2） and follicular lymphoma（FL）（n=2）. The average age of patients in the DLBCL group was （61.7±13.0） years old，in the DLBCL and MALT transformation group was （59.0±2.8） years old，in the MALT group was （61.5±3.5） years old，which all were significantly older than that in the FL group of （31.0±14.1） years old. The LDH level of patients in the DLBCL group was （380.3±197.9）U/L，which was higher than that in the MALT group and the FL group. The international prognostic index（IPI） in the FL group was 0，which was lower than that in the other three groups. The Ki-67 index in the DLBCL group was （70.0±16.1）%，which was higher than that in the MALT group of （16.25±8.80）%. Conclusion：PTL is closely related with the HT and diagnosis of PTL depends on histopathology. DLBCL is the most common pathological type，and the treatment protocol should be decided in accordance with the pathological type and clinical stage.