Objective：To discuss the causes of misdiagnosis of an intervertebral infection case and summarize experiences so as to avoid misdiagnosis. Methods：Causes of misdiagnosis were discussed and analyzed，and experiences were summarized based on the detailed clinical data. Results：Insufficient knowledge of intervertebral space infection，of which the incidence rate is low，and failure to analyze the case comprehensively and meticulously enough were the main causes of misdiagnosis. Conclusion：Patients should be highly considered the possibility of intervertebral space infection，who have fever and severe spastic low back pain with erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） and C-reactive protein （CRP） increased，with MRI showing T1WI low signal and T2WI high signal lesion.