Objective：To determine the efficacy and safety of Amiodarone in preventing atrial fibrillation（AF） after transthoracic esophagectomy. Methods：Seventy-two patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy consecutively were randomly divided into ex－perimental group（n=36） and control group（n=36）. Amiodarone-treated patients received Amiodarone in a dose of 200 mg three times per day for 7 d，then 200 mg per day until the day of surgery. The incidence of AF，hospital duration，occurrence of other complications and adverse events in the two groups were compared. Results：There was no significant difference between experimental and control groups in demographic characteristics. The incidence of AF was lower in experimental group than in control group（16.7% vs. 39.8 %，（112±22） times/min vs. （134±29） times/min，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the groups in incidences of postoperative complications and hospital duration. Conclusion：Amiodarone prophylaxis can significantly reduce the incidence of AF after transthoracic esophagectomy.