objective: To investigate whether inflammation enhances lipid accumulation via SREBP1 in liver of C57BL/6J mice. Methods: 12 male mice were subcutaneously injected with 0.5ml 10% casein or PBS. The mice were fed a high fat diet for 18 weeks. TG and FFA in liver and serum amyloid A (SAA) and IL-6 in serum were assayed. The lipid accumulation in liver was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. The mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α

MCP1

SREBP1

ACCα

FAS were analyzed by Real Time PCR and Western blotting. Results: Casein injection elevated serum levels of IL-6 and SAA in mice. In the liver of casein-injected mice

mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α

MCP-1 were significantly increased compared with control mice

suggesting that inflammatory stress was successfully induced in C57BL/6J mice. The inflammation up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1

fatty acid synthase

and acetyl CoA carboxylase alpha in liver of C57BL/6J mice. Conclusions: Inflammation may exacerbate lipid accumulation via up-regulating SREBP1 expression in liver of C57BL/6J mice.