Objective：To observe the effects of neural stem cells （NSCs） in vivo on neural regeneration in skin wounds after acidic fi－broblast growth factor（aFGF） being used to induce rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） into neural stem cells（NSCs） in vitro. Methods：SD rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured by the whole bone marrow adherent culture method，induced by aFGF to differentiate into NSCs，and was marked with DAPI. Eighty-one SD rats were made back full-thickness defect skin wounds and each group had 9 SD rats. NSCs were randomly divided into the local wound injection（group A），the tail vein injection（group B），the NSCs with plasma graft implantation（group C）. BMSCs were divided into the local wound injection（group D），the tail vein injection of（group E），BMSCs with plasma graft implantation（group F），the plasma graft transplantation（group G）. Tail veins were injected with normal saline（group H） and local wounds were injected with normal saline（group I）. The expression of protein gene product（PGP） 9.5 in wound skin after transplantation at the 4th，5th，7th week was detected by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR in order to reflect the skin nerve regeneration. Results：There were statistically significant differences in fluorescence density value of PGP 9.5 at the 4th，5th，7th week after the wound healing based on the results of repeated data analysis of design information（F=27.03，P=0.000）. There were differences in specific expression of nerve restoration after stem cell transplantation based on the results of repeated data analysis of design information（F=130.44，P=0.000）. The inter－action of stem cell transplantation in terms of time and group was statistically significant（F=3.543，P=0.001）. Local injection of NSCs transplantation significantly improved nerve restoration than tail vein injection of NSCs transplantation（P=0.001）. Tail vein injection of NSCs transplantation significantly improved nerve restoration than NSCs plasma graft transplantation（P=0.000）. Local in－jection of NSCs transplantation significantly improved nerve restoration than local injection of BMSCs transplantation（P=0.000）. Local injection of BMSCs transplantation significantly improved nerve restoration than local injection of saline transplantation（P=0.000）. There were statistically significant differences between local plasma graft transplantation and local injection of saline transplantation（P=0.014） an there was no difference between local injection of saline transplantation and tail vein injection transplantation（P=0.446）. Detection of PGP 9.5 with RT-PCR further illustrated the above results. Conclusion：NSCs transplanted into skin wounds in the local wound injection can promote the neural regeneration of wound and it was the most effective pattern.