Objective：To review the progress in the relationship between miR-130，miR-130b and tumor. Methods：Literatures pub－lished between January 1993 to December 2013 in Pubmed and CNKI data-base were searched using ‘microRNA，miR-130a，miR-130b and tumor’ as key words. Retrieval criteria：1）the progress of microRNA in tumor research；2）miR-130a；3）miR-130b；4） tumor. A total of 47 articles were included. Results：miR-130a and miR-130b were two highly homologous microRNAs，which regulated the expression of target genes through translational repression or mRNA degradation. The aberrant expression of miR-130a/b were involved in proliferation，apoptosis，metastasis and drug resistance of various tumor cells. Conclusions：miR-130a/b can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors relating to the initiation and development of tumors，which may provide new perspective for the treatment of mul－tidrug resistance in tumors.