Objective：To observe the effects of Maixuekang capsule on therapeutic efficacy and blood coagulation function in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with transient cerebral ischemic attack（TIA）. Methods：Totally 80 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with transient cerebral ischemic attack were divided into 2 groups randomly：40 patients in control group were given enteric-coated aspirin，40 patients in Maixuekang group were given enteric-coated aspirin + Maixuekang capsule. Patients received continuous treatment for three months. TIA attack symptoms，time，number of times within 6 months of treatment were recorded； Intimal medial thickness（IMT），prothrombin time（PT），activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT），thrombin time（TT），fibrinogen（Fib），platelet aggregation rate（PAR），high sensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP） at 6 months after the treatment were detected. Results：At 6 months after the treatment，total efficiency of Maixuekang group was significantly higher than that of the control group（ χ2=4.266 6，P＜0.05）. Incidence of cerebral infarction in Maixuekang group was significantly lower than that in the control group（ χ2=4.504 5，P＜0.05）. PT，APTT，TT of patients in Maixuekang group were significantly prolonged compared with those before the treatment and those in control group（P＜0.05）. Fib，PAR and hs-CRP were decreased significantly in Maixuekang group compared with those before the treatment and those in control group（P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups（ χ2=0.138 8，P ＞0.05）. Conclusions：Maixuekang capsule combined with aspirin is a safe and effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with TIA，of which anticoagulation，anti-platelet aggregation and anti-inflammation may be one of the mechanisms.