Objective：To study the knowledge，attitude and behavior of Chongqing rural residents and to provide advices for launching control and prevention for chronic disease. Methods：Totally 2 406 residents aged 18 years old and above in rural areas of Chongqing were randomly selected out using multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Results：The awareness rates of hypertension and di－abetes were 53.6% and 23.1%. There were significant differences in scores of attitude towards prevention and control measures between patients and non patients（t=-2.21，-2.26，-2.45，-2.13，-2.12，all P<0.05）. Smoking and drinking rates were 24.8% and 8.4%，repst－cively. 36.0% and 23.0% residents investigated tested blood pressure and blood glucose in recent 6 months while 8.8% and 27.4% had the awareness of weight control or actively consulted knowledge of prevention and control. Conclusions：Low knowledge level，weak consciousness and low rate of health behavior formation in rural residents suggest that health education should be taken according to different people and intensity of chronic diseases prevention and control should be increased.