Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（auto-HSCT） in the treatment of malignant hematological diseases. Methods：The clinical data of 118 patients with hematological diseases who received auto-HSCT were collected. Of the 118 patients，23 were acute leukemia（AL），69 were malignant lymphoma（ML） and 26 were multiple myeloma（MM）. The overall survival（OS），disease free survival（DFS），and the relapse rate were analyzed. Results：Totally 117 patients engrafted successfully，except one patient died because of infection. The average time was 9.8 d for neutrophil reconstruction（≥0.5×109/L），and 12.3 d for platelet reconstruction（≥20×109/L）. Median survival time was 47.6（1-80） months. The 3-year OS and DFS were 62.3% and 54.3%，the 5-year OS and DFS were 49.0% and 42.8%，and the cumulative relapse frequency was 28.0%.The prognosis of ML was better than that of AL and MM（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Auto-HSCT is effective for AL. Auto-HSCT can obviously prolong the survival time of ML and MM patients，and the MM should get individualized treatment.