Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors（PPARs） are a class of nuclear receptor superfamily，which is consisted of PPA－Rα，PPARβ（also named PPARδ） and PPARγ. PPARs has been widely concerned and studied in every field since its discovery. The most studies focused on PPARα and PPARγ. Their physiopathological effects in vivo have been profoundly understood，and some of their ligands have been widely used in clinical treatment. However，there were fewer studies about PPARβ. Recently，it is believed that PPARβ is a connection hub of PPARα and PPARγ，making PPARβ more important. An increasing concern was paid on the role and regulation mechanism of PPARβ in central nervous system diseases，however，the researcheson PPARβ were far behind those on PPARα and PPARγ. This article reviews the role of PPARβ in central nervous system diseases.