The afferent fibers of the pulmonary vagus nerve perceive mechanical and chemical signals

and the efferent nerve can release acetylcholine to regulate organ functions.Such bidirectional communication can control the function of organ by feedback

and it also participate in the occurrence and development of pulmonary diseases.The local vagalvagal antiinflammatory reflex and cholinergic antiinflammatory pathways suggest that the antiinflammatory reflex not only plays an antiinflammatory role locally

but also induces an antiinflammatory response in body fluids.The vagus nerve is involved not only in the respiratory system

but also in the pathogenesis of lung diseases.Therefore

it is of great significance to understand the anatomy and regulation of pulmonary vagus nerve in thoracic surgery.