Objective To investigate the efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy and percutaneous renal holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi. Methods A total of 132 patients with upper ureteral calculi admitted to our hospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were randomly divided into observation group and control group

66 cases in each group.The control group underwent ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy

and the observation group used percutaneous nephrolithotomy holmium laser lithotripsy.The clinical efficacy

surgical index and complication rate between two groups were compared. Results The clinical efficacy of the observation group（90.91%） was higher than that of the control group（75.76%）

and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The operation time of the observation group was （27.53±3.97）minutes

which was shorter than （42.59±4.34）minutes of the control group

and the postoperative blood loss was （18.59±5.21）mL

which was less than （31.68±4.72）mL of the control group

the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between observation group[（5.31±1.62）days] and control group[（5.28±1.48）days](P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser lithotripsy is more effective than pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi. It can shorten the operation time

reduce the amount of bleeding

and has higher safety.