OBJECTIVE：To explore the relationship between several common traits-identify characteristics of decoction pieces and laboratory test results， and improve the efficiency and accuracy of line inspection work. METHODS： Combined with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2010 edition） standards and traditional inspection experience， and collected decoction pieces， the accuracy of traits-identification points were inferred and increased by the ways of TLC， contents， aggravated powder， sulfur dioxide residues ，staining and extract. RESULTS： The majority of decoction pieces had the relationship between character identification points and laboratory test results and a small part didn’t. CONCLUSIONS： This study has cleared the identification accuracy of several common decoction pieces， and other parts of the differential diagnosis needs further exploration.