Objective To investigate the efficacy of early ventriculo-peritoneal shunt combined with cranioplasty for the treatment of traumatic brain injury combined with hydrocephalus.Methods Seventy-three patients with traumatic brain injury combined with hydrocephalus admitted to a hospital in Liaoning Province from May 2017 to January 2020 were selected as subjects and assigned to observation group（n=40） and control group（n=33） via the random number table method.Patients in the observation group underwent early ventriculo-peritoneal shunt combined with cranioplasty（within 3 months after surgery） concurrently

while patients in the control group underwent cranioplasty at an interval of 3 to 6 months.The Glasgow Outcome Scale

Glasgow Coma Scale

Ability of Daily Living Scale and Limb Movement Ability Scale scores before and 1 year after surgery（i.e.cranioplasty） were compared between the two groups.The incidence of adverse reactions at 1 year after surgery（1 year after cranioplasty） was compared between groups.Results No significant difference before surgery was observed in the scores of the Glasgow Coma Scale

Glasgow Outcome Scale

Ability of Daily Living Scale

and Limb Movement Ability Scale between the two groups（P>0.05）.One year after the surgery

the Glasgow Coma Scale

Glasgow Outcome Scale

Ability of Daily Living Scale

and Limb Movement Ability Scale were all higher in the two groups than before the surgery

and the observation group was higher than the control group

all with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group

and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion Early ventriculo-peritoneal shunt combined with cranioplasty has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of traumatic brain injury complicated with hydrocephalus.It can promote the recovery of living ability and motor ability

improve the conscious state

enhance the prognosis

and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions of traumatic brain injury patients combined with hydrocephalus

which is a safe and reliable treatment that is worthy of clinical promotion.