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近20年北京老年人照料者变化情况调查
A survey on the changes of caregivers of the elderly in Beijing over the last 20 years
- 保健医学研究与实践 2022年19卷第5期 页码：1-5
- 作者机构：
1. 北京市丰盛中医骨伤专科医院内科病房
2. 首都医科大学宣武医院/北京市老年保健及疾病防治中心
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
DOI：
中图分类号： R195纸质出版日期：2022，
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李蕾, 汤哲. 近20年北京老年人照料者变化情况调查[J]. 保健医学研究与实践, 2022,19(5):1-5.
Li Lei, Tang Zhe. A survey on the changes of caregivers of the elderly in Beijing over the last 20 years[J]. Health Medicine Research and Practice, 2022,19(5):1-5.
摘要
目的 调查1992、2000、2007和2012年北京老年人照料者的变化情况
以期为养老产业发展提供参考依据和合理化建议。方法 本研究根据中国第三—五次人口普查北京市的抽样资料为依据
采用三阶段、分层、整群抽样方法
选择西城区小红庙社区的2个居委会(城区)、大兴区魏善庄镇的9个自然村(近郊农村)以及怀柔区渤海的3个自然村(山区农村)作为调查点
分别于1992、2000、2007及2012年对调查点所有60岁以上的老年人进行调查及随访。结果1992、2000、2007及2012年北京老年人的照料主要依靠配偶和儿女。2007—2012年北京老年人由配偶照料的比例逐渐上升
同时保姆和其他照料者的比例略有上升。1992、2000、2007及2012年北京男性老年人由配偶照料的比例均高于女性老年人
而由儿女照料的比例明显低于女性老年人
差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1992、2007及2012年北京城市老年人由配偶照料的比例均高于农村老年人
差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1992、2000、2007及2012年北京城市老年人由儿女照料的比例均低于农村老年人
差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 1992、2000、2007及2012年北京老年人均以居家养老为主
儿女照料逐渐减少
配偶照料逐渐增多。因此
相关部门应积极完善长期护理保险制度
关注照料者的身心健康
为家庭照料者提供喘息服务、经济补贴和教育培训。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the changes of caregivers of the elderly in Beijing in 1992
2000
2007 and 2012
in order to provide a basis of reference and rationalization suggestions for the elderly care industry.Methods Based on the sampling data for Beijing in the third to fifth census of China
a three-stage and stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select two resident committees in Xiaohongmiao Community
Xicheng District（urban area）
nine natural villages in Weis-hanzhuang Town
Daxing District（suburban rural area）
and three natural villages in Bohai
Huairou District（mountainous rural area） as survey sites
and surveys and follow-ups targeting all elderly people aged 60 years or above in the survey sites were conducted in 1992
2000
2007
and 2012.Results The care of elderly people in Beijing mainly relied on spouses and children in 1992
2000
2007
and 2012.The proportion of elderly people in Beijing cared for by spouses gradually increased from 2007 to 2012
while the proportion of nannies and other caregivers increased slightly.In 1992
2000
2007 and 2012
the proportion of male elderly people in Beijing being cared for by their spouses was higher than that of female elderly peo-ple
while the proportion of male elderly people being cared for by their children was lower than that of female elderly peo-ple
with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.The proportion of urban elderly people being cared for by their spouses was higher than that of rural elderly people in Beijing in 1992
2007 and 2012
and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.The proportion of urban elderly people in Beijing being cared for by their children was lower than that of rural elderly people in 1992
2000
2007 and 2012
and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion In 1992
2000
2007 and 2012
the elderly people in Beijing were mainly cared for at home
and the care by children gradually decreased while the care by spouse gradually increased.Therefore
relevant departments should actively improve the long-term care insurance system
pay attention to the physical and mental health of caregivers
and provide respite serv-ices
financial subsidies
and education and training for family caregivers.
关键词
老年人照料者人口老龄化家庭
Keywords
Caregivers of the elderlyPopulation agingFamily
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