Objective To analyze the effect of targeted nursing interventions in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax by closed chest drainage. Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with spontaneous pneumothorax admitted to a hospital in Zhengzhou from October 2019 to January 2021 were selected as study subjects and divided into control group（51 cases） and observation group（64 cases） according to different interventions applied in the treatment process. The patients in the control group received conventional nursing interventions

while the observation group were given targeted nursing interventions

and the interventions in both groups continued for 2 months. The pain

quality of life and psychological status of the patients in the two groups were compared before and after the interventions

and the clinical indexes（time to tube placement

time to recruitment maneuver

and time to wound healing） and complications of the patients in the two groups were compared. Results Before the interventions

there was no statistically significant difference between the VAS and SF-36 scores of the 2 groups（P>0.05）; after the interventions

the VAS scores of the 2 groups were lower than before the intervention and lower in the observation group than in the control group

with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）; after the interventions

the SF-36 scores of the 2 groups were higher than before the interventions and lower in the observation group than in the control group

with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Before the interventions

there was no statistically significant difference between the SAS and SDS scores of patients in the 2 groups（P>0.05）; after the interventions

the SAS and SDS scores of patients in the 2 groups were lower than before the interventions and lower in the observation group than in the control group

with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The time to tube placement

recruitment maneuver and wound healing were shorter in the observation group than in the control group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The complication rate of patients in the observation group was 3.24%

which was lower than that of 13.72% in the control group

and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=4.421

P=0.035）. Conclusion Targeted nursing interventions in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax treated with transthoracic closed drainage can significantly improve patients’ quality of life

psychological status and pain

promote their recovery and reduce the incidence of complications.