Objective：To investigate the genetic and environmental factors influencing bronchial asthma in children in Chongqing area. Methods：A total of 310 children with bronchial asthma who visited medical institutions in three different districts and counties of Chongqing from May 2016 to May 2019 were selected as the case group，and 310 non-asthmatic children with same gender and age group during that period were selected as the control group. Factors related to the incidence of asthma between two groups，such as the basic situation throughout pregnancy，infant feeding and disease and social and family factors were investigated. The chi-square test was used to screen the single factor with P<0.05，which was used as the independent variable of the logistic regression model for multi-factor analysis，obtaining risk factors influencing children’s bronchial asthma. Results：There were 16 single factors influencing children’s asthma. After logistic multiple factor regression analysis，11 were independent factors influencing children’s asthma among which the independent high risk factors of asthma were the allergic diseases of consanguinity，smoke inhalation during pregnancy，pet exposure，urban living and fathers’ high pressure，while breastfeeding within 6 months of age，feeding with hydrolyzed protein formula when insufficient breast milk，parents with bachelor or above degree were the protection factor. Conclusion：It is important to identify，avoid or utilize the risk factors and protective factors of childhood asthma.