As a potential target that affects the proliferation of neural stem cells，non-coding RNA（ncRNA） has become a key influ－encing factor to improve the damage of central nervous system in recent years. Although neural stem cells are not easy to proliferate in adult neural tissues，ncRNA has the effect of regulating cell renewal，and the interaction between microRNA（miRNA） and long non-coding RNA（lncRNA） is complex and diverse. Therefore，in recent years，the two have become the hot spots of the study of regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells. This article summarizes how miRNA，lncRNA，and the combined effects of miRNA and lncRNA affect the proliferation of neural stem cells in recent years，and conducts an in-depth analysis of the limitations of current research，focusing on the studies of physical agents mediated neural stem cell proliferation in the field of rehabilitation medicine，providing a direction for future research in related fields.