Objective：To analyze the new 810 cases of childhood leukemia in the past five years，and to explore its incidence trend，risk factor and prognosis，laying a foundation for the prevention and treatment of leukemia. Methods：The epidemiological data of 810 cases of childhood leukemia in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed，including age，gen－der，onset season，initial symptoms，morphology classification，immunology typing，cytogenetics typing and molecular biology typing. And the influencing factor of children’s leukemia outcome were obtained through binary logistic regression. Results：Among the 810 children with leukemia，the number of boys was more than that of girls，and the number of boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL） at all ages was higher than that of girls. ALL was most common in 1-4 years age group，but there was no significant difference in the age distribution of acute myeloid leukemia. Patients of 10% had a family history of cancer and 34.44% had been exposed to toxic chemicals. According to results of MICM，ALL took dominant position in morphology classification（79.26%）；acute B-lymphocytic leukemia（B-ALL） took dominant position in immunology typing；patients had clonal abnormalities had a detection rate of 41.56%；the highest positive rate of ETV6/RUNX1（TEL/AML1） in children with ALL was 14.86%；the positive fusion gene in children with acute T-ALL was SIL/TAL1；the detection rate of PML/PARα in children with acute myeloid leukemia（AML） was the highest（35.25%）. Results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that family tumor history，cytogenetic typing and ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene were influencing factors of leukemia outcome，and OR values were 5.234（1.166-23.485），3.442（1.666-7.115） and 0.131（0.031-0.556），respectively. Conclusion：Family tumor history，cytogenetic typing and ETV6/Runx1 fusion gene may be the pre－dictive factors of leukemia prognosis. The family tumor history and non-low-risk cytogenetics may be the risk factors of leukemia prognosis，and the positivity of ETV6 / Runx1 fusion gene may be the protective factor.