Objective To investigate the awareness level of Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents（2016）and dietary behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing

so as to provide reference for the promotion of the updated guideline.Methods Based on the method of multi-stage sampling

a total of 491 primary and secondary school students（grade 5 and grade 8）from both urban and rural areas of Chongqing participated in this survey.A self-designed questionnaire was used.Results Among these primary and secondary school students

the awareness level of the updated guideline was 38.1%;the overall score was 5.43±3.26

and the subscores of questions about guideline contents

number of dietary pagoda layers

contents in each layer

eating plate

eating plate for children

and calculation of Body Mass Index（BMI）were 0.70±0.79

1.43±0.91

1.04±0.80

1.00±1.00

0.67±0.95

and 0.51±0.70

respectively.The overall score of guideline awareness did not vary significantly with the number of beverage-drinking days per week and the frequency of discarding egg yolks（P>0.05）.The closer to the goal of daily water intake

between-class activity frequency

and egg intake frequency

the higher the overall score of guideline awareness

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Besides

the overall awareness score in students who achieved the goal of deep-colored vegetable intake was higher as compared with those who did not achieve this goal（P<0.05）.The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that

the influencing factors of the overall score of guideline awareness were grade and parents′educational level（P<0.05）;grade-8（versus grade-5）students and students whose parents had a higher educational level（versus lower educational level）tended to score higher when answering questions about the updated guideline.Conclusion The awareness level of the updated guideline was relatively low among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing.Enhanced awareness may promote the formation of health-related behaviors among these students.It is suggested that intervention on lower-grade students and students′parents be strengthened in the efforts of popularizing this updated guideline among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing.