Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）and matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） in the ectopic endometrium of adenomyoma and their relation with the pathogenesis of adenomyoma. Method Endometrial specimens were obtained from 30 normal uteri and 30 with adenomyoma. TGF-β1 and MMP-2 was detected by immunohistochemical SABC staining. Results The expression intensity of TGF-β1 in the ectopic endometrium of adenomyoma and normal endometrium were （65.79±0.13） and （63.22±0.65）. The difference had statistical significance（P<0.05）.The expressive intensity of MMP-2 in the ectopic endometrium of adenomyoma and normal endometrium were （53.98±0.64） and （52.76±0.86）. The difference had statistical significance（P<0.05）. Conclusion Overexpression of TGF-β1 and MMP-2 in ectopic endometria of adenomyoma may cause increasing local angiogenesis and enhance the growth and survival of ectopic endometrial implants.