Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans. Its pathogenesis includes variants on gene expression，protein degradation，and changes in signal transduction pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNAs consisting of 19 ~ 24 nucleotides that recognize complementary target sites in the 3' non-coding region (UTR) of target mRNAs and inhibit gene expression post-transcriptionally. Numerous bladder cancer studies involving miRNAs have demonstrated that miRNAs indirectly participate in cellular processes such as modification signaling pathways，apoptosis，cell growth，and differentiation through differential expression of downstream specific targets. Thus，miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for prognosis，treatment response，and pre-onset screening of cancer phenotypes. In this review，the research progress of molecular target genes of miRNAs in bladder cancer was reviewed，the gene expression regulation mechanism involved in miRNAs in bladder cancer was revealed，and explore the possibility of detecting miRNAs in body fluids to diagnose bladder cancer. It provides a new idea for miRNAs as clinical early diagnosis，prognosis，and treatment markers of bladder cancer.