Helicobacter pylori infection is a common，usually lifelong infection that is found worldwide. Persistent Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important pathogenic factor for gastric cancer. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori can reduce the risk of gastric cancer，and the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer is favorable，if detected early and treated adequately. This article will review the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and early gastric cancer from four aspects: epidemiology，endoscopy and histopathology，molecular biology，and treatment.