Perioperative neurocognitive disorders（PND）is a common complication after surgery and anesthesia，often manifest⁃ing as memory loss and changes in behavior，personality，and cognitive function. PND can prolong the length of staying in hospital，af⁃fect the quality of life of patients，and increase the risk of death. With the advent of the aging society，the incidence of PND is also rising gradually. Therefore，prevention and treatment of PND to alleviate the economic and social burden has become a research hotspot. Al⁃though significant progress has been made in the study of PND，its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that apoptosis of hippocampal neurons may be one of the underlying mechanisms. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase（L-PGDS）is the main mo⁃lecular chaperone of β-amyloid protein（Aβ），which can indirectly improve cognitive function by regulating neuronal apoptosis. This ar⁃ticle reviewed the role of L-PGDS in PND，aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment for PND.