Objective To investigate the relief of pain and anxiety in patients with lumbar disc herniation （LDH） due to deficiency of liver and kidney after treatment with Duhuo Jisheng Decoction. Methods A total of 92 cases of LDH with deficiency of liver and kidney who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology，the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University，from January 2018 to January 2019. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to their odd or even admission number. The two groups were both treated with conventional conservative treatment，while the observation group was orally given modified Duhuo Jisheng Decoction after syndrome differentiation by a doctor of Chinese medicine. Before treatment，at 2 weeks after treatment，and at 4 weeks after treatment，the visual analogue scale for pain，the Japan Orthopaedic Association （JOA） low back pain scoring system，and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the patients’ pain degree and anxiety state. Results At 2 and 4 weeks after treatment，the observation group had significantly lower pain and anxiety scores and a significantly higher JOA score compared with the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The patients with LDH due to liver and kidney deficiency often had pain accompanied by anxiety. The oral administration of modified Duhuo Jisheng Decoction can nourish the liver and kidney by nourishing water to moisten wood； once the liver and kidney are filled，the liver and Qi are smooth，and the Qi movement is unobstructed，which can significantly relieve the patient’s pain，improve the lumbar function，and alleviate the anxiety state.