The inflammasome is a multimolecular complex formed by chemosensory protein，adapter protein，and effector pro-tein，and the activation of inflammasome is an important mechanism of regulating inflammatory response under the condition of stress or infection. Different types of inflammasome have different regulatory mechanisms，and at present，NOD-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3） inflammasome is a well-studied pleiotropic subtype of inflammasome. Disordered regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome has an important pathological role in the development and progression of various human diseases. In mammalian ovary，NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the normal development of follicles，while the excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also a crucial factor for polycystic ovar-ian syndrome and functional ovarian degeneration. Therefore，it is of great significance to summarize and clarify the role of NLRP3 in-flammasome in ovarian physiology and diseases and its regulatory mechanisms，which is important for subsequent studies.