Children with febrile neutropenia（ FN） are prone to severe infections

and the treatment delay may increase mortality.Therefore

timely initiation of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy is of utmost importance with FN

even if there is no evidence for a documented infection.Through reviewing the domestic and foreign guidelines and related literature

the management of FN in children and the experience of anti-infective treatment were systematically described from the perspective of rational use of antibiotics

so as to provide reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice

to minimize the emergence of multi-drug resistant（ MDR） bacteria and to reduce the costs and adverse drug reactions of these drugs.