OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical effects of phlegm-heat concentrated decoction combined with azithromycin in the treatment of Mycoplasmal pneumoniae pneumonia（ MPP） in children with phlegm-heat closed lung syndrome. METHODS: Totally 94 children with MPP and phlegm-heat closed lung syndrome admitted into Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from Jan. 2018 to Jun. 2019 were extracted to be divided into the observation group and the control group via the random number table

with 47 cases in each group. The control group was treated with azithromycin

while the observation group received phlegm-heat concentrated decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 10 d. Clinical efficacy and improvement of main symptoms and signs of two groups were compared

cough symptom score

absolute ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes（ NLR） in peripheral blood

and serum TNF-α levels

interleukin 6（ IL-6）

malondialdehyde（ MDA） and superoxide dismutase（ SOD） levels of two groups were observed.The incidence of adverse drug reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The total effective rate of children in the observation group was 95. 74%（ 45/47）

significantly higher than 82. 98%（ 39/47） in the control group

and the difference was statistically significant（ P<0. 05）. After treatment

the improvement time of main symptoms and signs（ fever

cough and lung rales） in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group

and the disappearance rate of the shadow in the chest X-ray examination was significantly higher than that in the control group

with statistically significant differences（ P < 0. 05）. The scores of daytime and nighttime cough in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment

and those in the observation group were significantly lower

with statistically significant difference（ P < 0. 05）. The NLR

serum TNF-α

IL-6 and MDA levels in peripheral blood of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment

while the serum SOD levels were significantly higher than those before treatment

the improvement of these indicators in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group

with statistically significant differences（ P<0. 05）. None of the children had severe adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of phlegm-heat concentrated decoction combined with azithromycin in the treatment of MPP is significant

which can significantly reduce the remission time of children’s related symptoms and signs

and may play a role by reducing the expression level of related inflammatory factors in the blood of children and correcting the imbalance of oxidation/anti-oxidation in the body.