Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of tracheal bronchus (TB) with respiratory tract infection in children. Methods: The clinical data of 129 children diagnosed with TB with respiratory tract infection admitted to Children’ s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2018 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The episodes of pneumonia

wheezing and survival were followed up. Results: Among the 129 children

infants whose age at diagnosis were less than 3 years old accounted for 80. 6%

while patients whose age at diagnosis were no less than 3 years old accounted for 19. 4%. And the maximum diagnostic age was 12. 8 years old. Besides

81. 4% of the patients showed persistent or recurrent respiratory symptoms

41. 1% of which had a cough lasting over 4 weeks

41. 9% of which had recurrent/ persistent wheezing

38. 8% of which had recurrent pneumonia

34. 1% of which had prolonged pneumonia

and 18. 6% of which had atelectasis. What’ s more

58. 1% of the patients combined with other malformations

45. 7% of which were combined with airway dysplasia

mainly bronchial stenosis; 39. 5% of the patients were combined with other malformations except the airway dysplasia

mainly congenital cardiovascular malformations. In addition

thoracic CT + airway reconstruction and bronchoscopy both were of high value for the diagnosis of TB

and it would be more beneficial to the diagnosis of TB and treatment of TB with respiratory tract infection when they complemented each other. All patients received routine medical treatment and bronohoalveolar lavage (BAL) during hospitalization

among which 4 cases underwent surgical operations due to other deformities. Finally

125 cases were improved and discharged. A total of 91 cases were followed up for 3 to 35 months. The morbidity of wheezing was 37. 4% and the morbidity of pneumonia was 29. 7%. Conclusion: There is a high possibility that TB associates with other congenital malformations. When TB is combined with respiratory tract infection

the course of disease may last longer and the infection may be more prone to delayed healing. Thus

patients with TB can manifest as recurrent/ persistent respiratory symptoms. Clinically

we shall be aware of TB when recurrent/ persistent respiratory symptoms exist and especially when the patient is an infant aged less than 3 years old

and thoracic CT and airway reconstruction or bronchoscopy should be performed as soon as possible in order to early diagnose TB and avoid missed diagnosis.