Objective: To explore the distribution and drug resistances/ sensitivities of bacterial pathogens in the lower respiratory tract infection of hospitalized children in Luzhou. Methods: A total of 16

418 sputum samples were collected from hospitalized children admitted to the department of Pediatrics

Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University

with lower respiratory tract infections from July 2013 to June 2018. Results: A total of 16

418 sputum samples were detected

of which 5

298 samples were positive

and the positive rate was 32. 3%. Among them

2

076 cases (39. 2%) were Gram-positive bacteria

of which 1

148 (21. 7%) Staphylococcus aureus and 848 (16. 0%) Streptococcus pneumoniae were the main strains. 2

766 (52. 2%) were Gram-negative bacteria

of which 858 Escherichia coli and 857 Klebsiella pneumonia were the main strains. The drug resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to cefoxitin

ampicillin

penicillin

clindamycin

and erythromycin was over than 60%

while it was sensitive to oxacillin and cefatriaxone (>74%). Streptococcus pneumonia was resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin (>80%)

while highly sensitive to carbapenems

penicillin

cefuroxime and cefatriaxone (>98%). No Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumonia strains were found resistant to linezolid or vancomycin. The sensitivity rate of Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins was less than 67%. The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems were up to 16. 9% to 34. 6%. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the dominating bacterial pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection in children. The resistance and sensitivity of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics should be monitored simultaneously to promote the rational use of antibiotics and limit the spread of antibiotic pathogens.