Objective:To discuss the clinical effect of autogenous arteriovenous fistula set up for hemodialysis after hydraulic expansion of small-caliber cephalic vein.Methods:140 cases with uremia of final diagnosis hospitalized in my hospital were divided into 2 groups: experiment group(n=78

cephalic vein Φ1.5~2.0 mm) and control group(n=62

cephalic vein Φ 2.0~2.5 mm);for patients in experiment group

hydraulic expansion of cephalic vein was first made and then end-to-side radio-cephalic fistula anastomosis was performed while for patients in control group

conventional fistula anastomosis was performed;the successful rates of operation in the 2 groups were compared and the rates of patency of the fistula and complications were observed.Results:The successful rate in experiment group was 91.2% while that in control group was 76.3%(P<0.05);the rates of patency in experiment group 6 months and 12 months after operation were 89% and 73% respectively while those in control group were 76% and 78% respectively;the occurrences of complication in the 2 groups were 7.0% and 16.1% respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion:Autogenous arteriovenous fistula set up after hydraulic expansion of small-caliber cephalic vein is the effective pathway for hemodialysis but its long-term rate of patency and curative effect need further study.