Objective: To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide on the expression of PARP and NF-κB in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rats by establishing a rat model of DPN. Methods: A total of 84 SD rats were randomly selected as control group

and the other rats were induced by streptozotocin to establish DPN model. After successful modeling

72 rats were randomly divided into model group

insulin group

mecobalamin group

and liraglutide low

medium and high dose groups. Normal group and model group were subcutaneously injected with equal volume of normal saline. Insulin group was treated with insulin

mecobalamin group was treated with mecobalamin

and drug groups were treated with different doses of liraglutide for 8 weeks. The body weight and blood glucose of rats in each group were recorded

nerve reaction speed was measured

inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA

apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry

and PARP-1 and NF-κB protein expression were detected by Western blot. RSC96 cells were selected to establish cell damage model in high glucose environment. PARP target gene was predicted by gene chip and tested by transfection of PARP-1. Results: Compared with the model group

liraglutide significantly increased the body weight

significantly decreased blood glucose

and increased the speed of nerve reaction (P<0.05); rat and cell experiments showed that the content of inflammatory factors and the expression of PARP and NF-κB protein were significantly decreased after liraglutide treatment

and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group (P<0.05); the apoptosis rate of nerve cells in rats was significantly decreased than that in the model group (P<0.05). Liraglutide inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. The levels of inflammatory factors

PARP-1 and NF-κB protein in PARP-1 transfection group were significantly higher than those in middle dose group (P<0.05). PARP-1/NF-κB is an important target of GLP-1 in anti-inflammatory effect of diabetic neuropathy rats. Conclusion: Liraglutide can reduce the expression levels of PARP-1 and NF-κB in sciatic nerve of rats with DPN

thereby reducing the sciatic nerve injury of rats and preventing the damage of DPN.