Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is a common but often unrecognized disorder caused by the upper airway narrow or empraxis during sleep and characterized by frequent awakenings

disrupted sleep and consequent excessive daytime sleepiness. OSA is often present in a large proportion of patients with hypertension/obese/metabolic syndrome and in those with other cardiovascular disorders

including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).HCM is the most common cause of adolescent sudden death.Recent studies revealed that the incidence of HCM complicated with sleep-disordered breathing(SDB) including OSA

central sleep apnea

mixed sleep apnea ranged from 40% to80%. Increased sympathetic activity

impaired vagal activity

increased after load

insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction have been proposed as potential mechanisms for the association between HCM and SDB. This review aims to highlight the current literature available on the association of OSA and HCM

to provide directions for future research and to summarize the key features related to this association based on the authors’ best understanding and experience.