Objective：To analyze drug resistance of anaerobic infections and risk factors for mortality of anaerobic bacteremia. Methods：In this hospital，239 patients with anaerobic infection were collected from January 2012 to July 2017，and were divided into two groups according to whether they were bacteremia，including 105 cases of bacteremia，and 134 cases of non-bacteremia. Sex，age，type of infection，underlying diseases，empirical antibiotic treatment and other clinical datas were collected. Risk factors for mortality of anaerobic bacteremia were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The minimal inhibitory concen－trations（MICs） were determined by agar dilution method. Antibiotic resistance genes（cepA，ermF，cifA，nim） were amplified by PCR. Results：A total of 239 patients with anaerobic infections were enrolled including 105 cases of bacteremia and 134 cases of non-bac－teremia. The sensitive rates to imipenem，piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole were more than 90.00%. Among 105 patients with bacteremia，21 died，accounting for 20%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=1.080，95%CI=1.033 to 1.129，P=0.001） and hematological malignancy（OR=42.899，95%CI=3.206 to 574.038，P=0.005） were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion：Imipenem，piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole have good in vitro activity against anaerobes. The mortal－ity of anaerobic infections is high. Age and hematological malignancies suggest poor prognosis. Therefore，early identification and active treatment are necessory.