Objective：To study the relationship between serum asprosin level and metabolic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Methods：A total of 98 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of T2DM and 93 subjects with normal glucose tolerance （NGT） were enrolled. According to the China Expert Consensus on Nutritional Therapy for Overweight or Obese Patients（2016），the two groups were further divided into non-obesity（NOB） and obesity（OB） subgroups，with body mass index（BMI）≥28 kg/m2 as the cut-off point. Body indices and metabolism-related blood biochemical indices were tested，and serum asprosin level was measured with ELISA. The correlation between asprosin level and other metabolic indices was analyzed by linear correlation and multiple linear regression. Results：The asprosin level in the T2DM group was significantly higher than that in the NGT group[（352.579±40.742） pg/mL vs. （189.411±32.635） pg/mL，P=0.002]. Univari－ate correlation analysis showed that the serum asprosin level of T2DM patients was negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol（HDL-C）（r=-0.447，P=0.000），and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose（FBG），fasting insulin（FINS），homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resis－tance index（HOMA-IR），and glycosylated hemoglobin（HbA1c）（r=0.187，0.198，0.202，and 0.159，respectively，all P <0.05）. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that FBG （β=0.333，P =0.000） and HOMA-IR （β=-0.176，P=0.047） were independent risk factors for serum asprosin level. Conclusion：The serum asprosin level in T2DM patients is significantly higher than that in NGT patients；it is positively correlated with FBG，FINS，HOMA-IR，and HbA1c，and negatively correlated with HDL-C. FBG and HOMA-IR are independent risk factors for serum asprosin level.