Objective：To explore the relationship between β-human chorionic gonadotropin（β-HCG），human placental lactogen（HPL） and multiple pregnancies by measuring β-HCG and HPL in early pregnant women. Methods：The serum levels of β-HCG and HPL in 18 women with multiple pregnancies（including two and three fetuses） were measured every two weeks from the 5th week of pregnancy to the 11th week; other 35 women with single fetus in the same period were taken as controls. Results：The serum level of β-HCG was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies group than in single pregnancy group during the 5-9th week of pregnancy （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in serum level of β-HCG between the two groups at the 11th week of pregnancy（P >0.05）. The serum level of HPL was not significantly different between the two groups at the 5th week of pregnancy（P >0.05）. The serum HPL was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies group than in single pregnancy group（P<0.01） during the 7-11th week of pregnancy. Conclusion：Obvious increase of β-HCG and HPL in early pregnancy indicates multiple pregnancies，which should be alerted.